Can there be an allergy to dental implants, what to do if it occurs?

Causes Symptoms Diagnostics Treatment Prevention
Allergy is a reaction of the body's immune system to a specific substance, an allergen (antigen). The first time, the immune system simply “remembers” the antigen; upon repeated interaction, some people begin to have an inadequate, exaggerated reaction. After the antigen enters the body, antibodies are produced: histamines and cytokines. Redness, swelling, hives, and difficulty breathing appear.

An allergy to dentures can be:

• instant;
• postponed.

The first is very rare, the second is more common.

WITH 99% ACCURACY!

“Bionic Dentis” is the only dental clinic in Moscow where you can undergo an analysis of the survival rate of dental implants (Titanium intolerance TEST). Our European partner guarantees diagnostics for implant rejection at the highest level.

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Our clinic is the exclusive representative of the German laboratory IMD Institut für Medizinische Diagnostik Berlin-Potsdam GbR in the Russian Federation and CIS countries, which works with a unique technique for determining intolerance to titanium implants (Titanium intolerance TEST).

The laboratory is accredited by DAKKS Certificate D-ML-13142-01-00, as well as Certificate D-PL-13142-01-00, which guarantees the highest level of molecular diagnostics according to European standards.

We will help you determine in advance whether your implants will take root or not, which will help you avoid such a painful complication as implant rejection and spend money wisely on dental services without the risk of losing them.

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IMPORTANT!

If you are planning to install dental implants, you need to find out in advance whether they will take root with you.

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The installation of dental implants is associated with large financial costs for the patient, which is why it is necessary to know in advance that allergies to implants will not occur.

According to European statistics, 26% of the population has a genetic intolerance to titanium , from which dental implants are made.

First aid

At home, to reduce the intensity of unpleasant symptoms, it is recommended to do the following:

• Take an antihistamine tablet, Zodac or Zyrtec will do.
• If the denture is removable, remove it and rinse your mouth with an antiseptic.
• Do not wear dental appliances until the cause of the discomfort has been identified.

There is a great way to avoid trouble and protect your health. Before choosing a material for making a dental structure, take an allergy test. This is especially true for those who are prone to similar problems and have encountered adverse reactions when in contact with various materials or metals.

Get laboratory diagnostics for titanium intolerance in Germany:

• if you want to insure yourself against implant rejection
• if you want to know that you are not paying for implantation in vain
• if you want to correctly and individually select the material for dental implants

Implantologists at German and Swiss VIP implantology clinics recommend diagnosing titanium tolerance in 100% of patients, thereby insuring themselves and their patients from severe complications after the installation of dental implants and rejection of dental implants.

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IMPORTANT!

IN THE RF AND CIS COUNTRIES, TESTS FOR TITANIUM INTOLERANCE AND REJECTION OF TITANIUM IMPLANTS ARE NOT CONDUCTED!

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There are 2 types of studies that predict implant failure:

1. Type of determination of intolerance to titanium implants (Titanium intolerance TEST)

This study is recommended for all patients before installing even 1 dental implant.

The cost of Titanium intolerance TEST is 19,800 rubles 00 kopecks.

The analysis is carried out directly in a laboratory in Germany.

The price includes blood collection and transportation of blood samples to Germany.

1. The type of study includes determination of intolerance to titanium implants (Titanium intolerance TEST) and determination of genetic polymorphism of interleukins (Degree of inflammation IL-1, IL-1RN, TNF-alpha-genotype).

This study is recommended for patients to undergo before installing 4 or more dental implants and especially when installing zygomatic implants. This test, with a positive conclusion, indicates not only the possibility of early implant rejection, but also indicates late implant rejection.

Cost Titanium intolerance TEST + Degree of inflammation TEST

38,800 rubles 00 kopecks.

The analysis is carried out directly in a laboratory in Germany.

The price includes blood collection and transportation of blood samples to Germany.

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This cost is tens of times less than the cost of implants and prosthetics in Moscow. For example, the average cost of the popular Nobel Biocare implant, gum former, abutment and zirconium dioxide crown in Moscow is 130,000 rubles turnkey. What if 3-12 such implants are installed?

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Correctly diagnose implant failure in advance, spending 19,800 or 38,800 rubles, rather than lose health, time and tens of hundreds of thousands of rubles on useless implantation and subsequent reworking of prosthetics.

Ozerov Petr Vladimirovich

Chief physician. Dentist, implantologist, orthopedist, surgeon. Laser dentistry specialist

More details

Links

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TITANIUM INTOLERANCE - TITANIUM INTOLERANCE. ALLERGY TO TITANIUM.

Titanium has outstanding properties, which means that, compared to other metals, it is well tolerated immunologically.

However, it is known that in 26% of patients, implants cause adverse signs of inflammation, which lead to:

- lack of bone integration of implants,

- failure to engraft a dental implant,

— rejection of dental implants in the first 6 weeks after implantation

— rejection of dental implants within one to five years after installation

- peri-implantitis.

True cellular allergies of type IV to titanium are rare compared to other metals. The reason is that titanium ions have a high affinity for oxygen and therefore form oxides immediately after their release, and unlike free ions, these oxides cannot form protein bonds and therefore allergic effects cannot develop.

The often heard statement that “there is no allergy to titanium” is quite likely true from an immunological point of view. However, allergies are not the only cause of immunologically related intolerance. The most common cause of individual hypersensitivity to titanium is excessive proinflammatory reactivity of tissue macrophages. Macrophages are special cells of the body that are responsible for protecting humans from foreign substances and bacteria.

Titanium particles in the tissue cause an inflammatory response, which leads to implant rejection.

Studies have shown that titanium particles are always found in the bone and soft tissues surrounding the implant. Tissue macrophages ("scavenger cells") phagocytose (ingest) these titanium oxide particles (particulate matter). As a result, a physiological response of the patient's tissues to the implantation occurs, such that macrophages react to contact with titanium oxide particles by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, in particular TNF-α and interleukin-1.

However, the extent of this immune response is very individual.

The intensity of cytokine release depends on the genetic variants (polymorphisms) of the proinflammatory (IL-1 and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-1RN) mediators involved.

Therefore, titanium intolerance usually results from an increased propensity of tissue macrophages to become inflammatory in response to titanium oxide particles. Titanium-specific lymphocytes do not play a role here, which explains the negative results of LTT and the results of the skin test.

About materials

A number of different materials are used to make dentures:

• Nicole and Chrome;
• copper;
• cobalt and others.

Often these materials are used in combination. Prostheses made from these alloys are a cheaper – budget option.

Ceramics are materials that are completely harmless to the human body, but plastics consisting of monomers can lead to allergies.

Also, a person is at risk due to the various dyes used in orthodontics.

Those who want to protect their health and minimize the risk of allergies should consider crowns made of precious metals (gold, silver and others). Titanium is well accepted by the body. This material has high performance and does not cause side effects.

You should be careful when handling products made from different metals. It is not recommended to install different alloys, as there is a risk of “galvanic syndrome”. It can arise due to conflict (incompatibility) of different alloys. This process is dangerous for the human body, as it entails various disorders and intoxication of the body.

Do not neglect the advice of doctors and be as attentive as possible to your health!

Author:

ALLERGY TO TITANIUM. ALLERGY TO IMPLANTS.

Risk of titanium dental implant loss in healthy patients with titanium intolerance:

THE FOLLOWING VALUES SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AS THE CRITERIA FOR THE TEST FOR INTOLERANCE OF DENTAL IMPLANTS:

Titanium intolerance TEST

negative titanium stimulation test there is no risk of rejection positive titanium stimulation test the risk of rejection is 12 times greater

Degree of inflammation IL-1, IL-1RN, TNF-alpha-genotype

genetic degree of inflammation 0 risk of rejection no genetic degree of inflammation 1 risk of rejection 1.5 times greater genetic degree of inflammation 2 risk of rejection 2.4 times greater genetic degree of inflammation 3 risk of rejection 3.8 times greater genetic degree of inflammation 4 risk of rejection greater 6 times

Comment: A patient with a positive titanium stimulation test has a 12-fold increased risk compared to the normal population.

If he or she also has a genetic grade 4 inflammation, the risk increases sixfold, IN THIS CASE TITANIUM IMPLANTS CANNOT BE INSTALLED.

What does a positive titanium stimulation test or increased genetic inflammation mean?

A positive test result (titanium intolerance) in one of the two tests indicates the presence of a significant predisposition to the development of titanium-related inflammation, which may be associated with primary or secondary implant loss.

This is not the same as an allergy, which requires that the allergen be avoided as a matter of course.

Therefore, a positive titanium stimulation test or inflammation grade of 2 to 4 is not an absolute contraindication for a titanium implant.

However, in these cases, alternatives (eg, ceramic implants, removable bridges, coated titanium implants) should be critically evaluated and preventive measures should be increased (prophylaxis, use of reduced rotation speeds, avoidance of titanium periodontal probes, immediate implants, removal of sources of infection, smoking cessation , optimal correction of other predisposing diseases (diabetes mellitus), absence of multiple implants, avoidance of immunostimulation for up to 4 weeks after implantation).

Should an implant allergy test be performed before implantation or in cases of suspected titanium intolerance?

An allergic reaction to titanium, as mentioned earlier, is extremely rare, due to titanium's strong tendency to oxidize. Thus, LTT is much less important for dental problems compared to the titanium stimulation test.

However, even dental implants from the most famous manufacturers contain elements such as nickel, vanadium and aluminum.

These metals are super allergens.

From the point of view of type IV sensitization, metal contaminants are of greater importance in the development of implant rejection.

For this reason, an LTT screening profile in addition to the titanium stimulation test has been developed, in which these three metals are tested in addition to titanium.

By undergoing laboratory diagnostics in our clinic for intolerance to titanium implants , you will protect yourself from severe complications associated with implant rejection and save your money.

How is the disease diagnosed?

To diagnose the disease, you may need to consult an allergist, immunologist, or dermatologist. Diagnostics is accompanied by the following stages:

1. Sanitation of the oral cavity . The doctor will note the moisture content of the mucous membrane, its condition, the type of saliva, and the presence of defects. Receive information about the composition of the implant and time of use. Oxide films indicate the development of allergic reactions.
2. Allergy tests . They are prescribed to identify allergens. There are several types: cutaneous and provocative. The first type of test involves introducing a drop of allergens into skin incisions. Provocative tests are done only in a hospital, when other diagnostic methods turned out to be uninformative.
3. Elimination and exposure test . Used in the presence of removable dentures. Elimination - removal of the prosthesis for a period of one day to 7 days, until allergic symptoms disappear. Exposure - installation of a prosthesis after the disappearance of negative manifestations.
4. Isolation of the prosthesis from the mucous membrane. It is performed by fixing gold foil to dental glue and cement. Used for fixed dentures.
5. Analysis of venous blood for antibodies responsible for the occurrence of an allergic reaction.

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SURVIVAL OF IMPLANTS.

The survival rate of implants depends on several factors:

• tolerance to titanium and lack of macrophage polymorphism.
• absence of allergies to impurities: nickel, vanadium and aluminum.
• compliance with the technique of installing a dental implant.
• absence of bone burn during implantation.
• compliance with the rules of septicism and asepsis in the clinic during implantation.
• correct choice of thickness and length of the implant.

If points 3, 4, 5, 6 depend only on the qualifications of your implantologist, then points 1 and 2 from this list depend on genetic changes in the patient’s body. This is why it is necessary to conduct laboratory diagnostics of implant survival before implantation.

Treatment

The main method of dental intervention is replacement of dentures. Ceramics are best suited for fixed dentures. This is a bioinert mass that does not cause allergies. Ceramic dentures make it possible to choose the material to suit your budget. Porcelain structures are cheaper than glass-ceramic ones (E-max, Empress), and they, in turn, are cheaper than zirconium ones. If it is not possible to install ceramics, then you need to select an alloy that excludes metals that cause allergies.

If you are allergic to removable dentures, the composition is also changed. Acrylic is replaced by nylon and Acry-Free polymer.

But in clasp structures you cannot do without metal. Ideally, it would be good to replace the arc and fasteners with inert metals: gold, platinum, titanium. In other cases, dentistry selects a composition that does not contain metals that were in the previous restoration. Another option may be to install a Quadrotti prosthesis. The material of construction is relatively hard thermoplastic. Clasps are also made from it. The absence of metals reduces the risk of allergies.

Anti-allergy treatment (antihistamines) is carried out against the background of dental procedures.

IMPLANT REJECTION. REJECTION OF DENTAL IMPLANT.

Implant rejection is the lack of growth of bone tissue to the surface of a dental implant, or the destruction of this connection, which was formed earlier.

An inflammatory process begins in the bone tissue, which leads to implant rejection and peri-implantitis.

Implant rejection is classified:

• implant rejection in the early stages, up to 4 weeks after implantation.
• implant rejection in the later stages, after 6 months after implantation.

Implant rejection is a serious treatment complication that must be prevented!

SYMPTOMS OF IMPLANT REJECTION. SIGNS OF IMPLANT REJECTION.

Signs of implant rejection may be completely absent. Sometimes the patient does not notice any symptoms of implant rejection. Only when the dentist begins to check whether the implant has grown to the bone tissue or not, he discovers that the implant is not fixed to the bone.

However, most often the patient experiences the following symptoms of implant rejection:

• redness of the mucous membrane in the area where the implant is installed.
• change in color of the mucous membrane in the area of ​​implant installation to bluish.
• discharge of pus from the gums in the area of ​​implantation.
• pain when pressing on the gums in the area of ​​implantation.
• proliferation of granulation tissue in the area of ​​implantation.
• not a significant increase in body temperature.
• mild pain in the implantation area.
• loosening and mobility of the implant.
• a change in a clinical blood test indicating inflammation in the body.
• acceleration of ESR in clinical blood tests.

If these symptoms of implant rejection are detected, it must be urgently removed.

Preventive measures after installation of an implant or prosthesis

Implants must be installed after a thorough examination of the medical history, the absence of contraindications and allergy tests. Then there will be no exacerbation of the allergic reaction. After implantation, you must adhere to the following rules:

• avoid stress;
• rinse your mouth after eating;
• Healthy food;
• reduce the consumption of spicy, sour foods;
• exclude strawberries, citrus fruits, coffee, eggs from the diet;
• quit smoking.

Even ordinary mineral water provokes allergies because it accelerates electrochemical processes in the oral cavity.

CONSEQUENCES OF IMPLANT REJECTION

If a dental implant fails, it must be removed immediately. After removal of the implant, bone grafting is necessary. After removing the implant, you must wait 4 months and reinstall the implant.

If you do not remove the rejected implant, serious complications will arise:

• destruction of bone tissue in the area of ​​the rejected implant.
• periostitis.
• osteomyelitis of the jaw.
• sepsis (blood poisoning).
• abscess.
• phlegmon.

Diagnostic measures

Timely assistance from a specialist will help prevent the worsening of the condition and the development of complications. Initially, the doctor will perform bimanual palpation and determine the need for subsequent laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods.

Making a diagnosis may require:

• orthopantograms (dental x-rays);
• tests and samples in the laboratory (Müllemann test, Schiller-Pisarev test);
• computed tomography;
• examination of biomaterial from the affected area (determination of the type of pathogenic microflora).

The specialist also performs a differentiated analysis of signs to exclude pathologies with similar symptoms: cystic suppuration, mucositis, periostitis.