Dental prosthetics: types, features and materials of prostheses

• what material are removable dentures made of?
• what types of dentures are there?
• What is the difference between dentures on implants and other removable dentures?
• conditionally removable dentures,
• how to choose the best modern and reliable prostheses,
• how to care for removable dentures,
• Prices for removable dentures in 2022.

About removable dentures

Removable dentures are a type of prosthetics that is carried out when teeth are partially or completely lost. Their feature is the ability to remove the denture (with the exception of some models). They are quite easy to care for. However, removable dentures require careful cleaning and oral hygiene. The advantages of this type of prosthetics:

• high aesthetic indicators;
• uniform load when chewing and, as a result, prevention of bone atrophy;
• individual production for each client;
• easy to care for;
• affordable price;
• quickly installed;
• short period of adaptation.

Today there are a large number of types of prostheses and materials from which these structures are made.

How a partial denture is attached to the jaw

There are 3 options for fastening removable structures: hooks (clasps), locks (attachments), telescopic crowns.
We propose to consider each of the options in more detail. Clasps. They are hooks made of metal or plastic that grip healthy teeth and fix the orthopedic structure in the mouth. The disadvantage of such fastening is poor fixation and unsatisfactory aesthetics. Despite the fact that the hooks are covered by the lip, they are visible to others when smiling and talking.

Attachments. More preferable from an aesthetic point of view. The special lock consists of 2 parts. One element is built into the base of the prosthesis, and the other is attached to the crown that covers your own tooth. This fastening option has a more reliable fixation and gives the product stability. In addition, the attachments distribute the chewing load more evenly, which slows down bone atrophy by almost 2 times.

Telescopic crowns. Presented by a system consisting of 2 crowns. The inner one follows the contours of the ground tooth. The outer one is connected to the base and restores the shape of the tooth. This allows the prosthesis to be securely fixed and prevents it from moving. The possibility of installing a telescopic structure in each specific case is determined by the doctor, since grinding of a large layer of hard tissue of the supporting tooth is required.

Conditionally removable dentures

To remove such products you need to make an effort. They are characterized by higher strength and comfort due to the fact that they are partially removable. Such designs include:

• clasp;
• quadrotti;
• New generation dentures without a palate.

Clasp dentures

Clasps are a classic version of conditionally removable dentures. They consist of four parts:

• directly the clasp itself, or a metal arch, which passes behind the teeth and serves as a support for the prosthesis on the palate;
• base - the base into which artificial teeth are mounted;
• teeth, or dental crowns (usually metal-ceramic, ceramic or zirconium crowns are used);
• fastenings

The photo shows a clasp prosthesis

There are three types of such designs:

1. Clasps, which have claw-shaped hooks. This is the simplest, fastest and cheapest clasp prosthesis. However, they have a disadvantage: when prosthetizing the front teeth, the hooks can get into the smile area and be noticeable to others, so clasp clasp dentures are characterized by low aesthetics.
2. Castle ones. One part of this structure is located on the tooth, and the other is in the prosthesis. They are attached to each other using a locking mechanism. Unlike the previous type, they are not noticeable in the mouth, but they have another disadvantage - depulpation and strong grinding of the supporting teeth are performed in order to install a prosthesis.
3. Telescopic crowns consist of two telescopic crowns: internal and external. The first ones are made of metals (most often titanium or zirconium) and cover the supporting teeth with them. After this, the external ones made of plastic or metal ceramics are fixed. Here, as in the previous case, it is necessary to strongly grind and pulp the abutment teeth.
4. An innovative version of clasps is splinting clasp dentures. They have a hook-shaped fastening that follows the individual shape of the tooth. Their main merit is in preventing the loosening of mobile teeth, therefore splinting clasps are recommended for patients with diseases of the oral cavity, such as gingivitis, periodontitis and periodontal disease.

Quadrotti

QuattroTi represents the next element in the evolution of prosthetic clasp products, in the manufacture of which no metals are used at all. The design is made of modern biocompatible Dental D plastic, which is highly flexible and durable.

Positive characteristics:

• the design is invisible in the mouth; in addition, it can be made transparent or painted in different shades of pink.
• the supporting teeth are not ground;
• the material is hypoallergenic;
• compared to clasp ones, the price is much lower;
• short adaptation period, since bioplastic does not rub the gums and does not affect articulation;
• physiologically correct distribution of chewing load is maintained.

There is one disadvantage - a short service life, which ranges from 3 to 5 years.

The photo shows the “Quadrotti” prosthesis

Without a palate

A new generation of palateless dentures, or sandwich dentures, were invented in Moscow. They are used for partial edentia. Such crowns consist of three parts:

• acrylic base;
• artificial teeth are also made of acrylic;
• telescopic crowns, or retainers, which are made of polyurethane.

This is the disadvantage of sandwich structures: they are made of materials with reverse properties. Hence their special name “sandwich”.

Polyurethane retainers are stretched over the remaining teeth and firmly hold the entire structure, thus ensuring minimal impact and damage to healthy teeth, which is why they are called palateless dentures (they are attached only by adjacent teeth).

The photo shows a prosthesis without a palate (sandwich)

Some patients consider the negative aspects to be the high cost and frequent occurrence of allergic reactions to acrylic and polyurethane. In addition, polyurethane is a fairly thick material, so sandwich dentures prevent the natural closure of teeth and are noticeable when speaking.

Indications and contraindications for use

Partial removable dentures are used in cases where the jaw is missing only a few teeth, but there are own healthy teeth that will be used as supporting teeth. Suitable for restoring both chewing and front teeth. The use of removable partial dentures is recommended in the following cases:

• missing several teeth;
• end defects of the jaw;
• atrophied bone tissue;
• the need for temporary prosthetics;
• contraindications to the installation of implants.

There are practically no contraindications to this type of prosthetics, and they are all temporary. These include viral diseases, carious lesions of teeth and periodontal tissue diseases.

Features and types of dental prosthetics, pros and cons

If we talk about dental prosthetics, each type has its own characteristics, positive and negative sides:

• Anterior dentures should look aesthetically pleasing and be installed as quickly as possible. For this purpose, temporary structures are widely used, allowing you to choose an individually suitable color and shape of teeth.
• When premolars and molars need prosthetics, their main function – chewing food – comes to the fore. Accordingly, the structure must be durable, meet the anatomical features of this type of teeth and withstand significant loads. Modern ceramic inlays, zirconium and metal-ceramic crowns meet these requirements.

In dentures, there are several categories: partially removable, removable, conditionally removable, and fixed prosthetics.

Partially and completely removable dentures include:

• clasp
• lamellar

Conditionally removable dental prosthetics include the following prostheses:

• with screw fixation on the implant

Non-removable ones include:

• crowns
• veneers
• tabs
• Lumineers
• bridge structures
• implants

Stages of manufacturing a removable partial denture

Depending on the type of prosthesis, the course of orthopedic treatment may differ slightly, but, in general, prosthetics can be divided into several main stages:

Preparation. After examination and diagnosis, the orthopedic doctor draws up a treatment plan and helps with choosing the optimal design option suitable for your particular case. At this stage, the oral cavity is sanitized. If necessary, teeth that cannot be saved are removed.

Taking impressions. Using impression material and a custom tray, the specialist takes impressions of the teeth on both jaws.

Manufacturing of the structure. In the dental laboratory, wax models are cast from the impressions, from which the technician makes the dentures.

Fitting and fixation. At the last visit, the doctor tries on the structure and fixes it in the oral cavity. If necessary, the prosthesis is adjusted and polished according to the bite.

Technology and methods of prosthetics

Innovative technologies are also coming to dental orthopedics. The emergence of new materials and techniques allows for high-quality diagnostics (computed tomography, 3D modeling of future structures, etc.). From the initial examination to the stage of installation of dental prostheses, the orthopedic dentist has the opportunity to use the latest achievements of science. Today it has become possible in practice to manufacture high-precision durable orthopedic structures made of ceramics using milling machines using 3D models.

For all types of dental prosthetics, laboratory stages are mandatory, although today the use of innovative materials and technologies makes it possible to install dental prosthetics in one visit to an orthopedist. In this situation, the construction is manufactured on a special machine.

Lifespan of removable partial dentures

Practice shows that the service life of removable plate structures is on average 3-5 years, after which the structure has to be changed. Bugel products have a longer lifespan - up to 5-7 years.

In general, the duration of wearing depends on several factors:

— the quality of the design and the professionalism of the specialist who carried out the installation;

— characteristics of the body and the condition of the oral cavity, the presence of gum diseases and deformation of the dentition;

— accuracy of compliance with doctor’s recommendations and proper home care.

Timing of prosthetics

It is impossible to talk about the exact timing of the installation of dentures: it depends on the type of prosthetics and the need to take a break between the main stages of dentures.

Regardless of the intended type of prosthetics - removable or fixed - the design is made by a dental technician in the laboratory using previously made impressions of the patient. Before placing the prosthesis in place, the patient will have to visit the doctor at least three times. At the first examination, you need to diagnose, prescribe treatment if necessary, and make an impression. At the following appointments, the prostheses are fitted and adjusted.

More time will be needed when installing implants, because it is necessary for the artificial root to take root, after which only a permanent crown can be installed. This can take from three to four months to six months.

Rules for wearing and caring for prostheses

The first time after installation, removable dentures can cause discomfort. As a rule, it goes away by the end of the first week. In some cases, especially when using plate structures, addiction can last up to 3 weeks.

To speed up adaptation, there are general rules and recommendations: rinse your mouth with warm water more often, do not overload the denture with solid food for the first 3-4 days.

Carefully monitor hygiene, rinse your mouth after every meal, and beware of excessive chewing loads. For cleaning, you should not use abrasive cleaners; give preference to special solutions and pastes.

Metal alloys

As a rule, it is a compound of chromium, nickel and cobalt. The advantage of such materials is their increased resistance to mechanical stress.

Disadvantage: high allergenicity. In patients prone to allergic manifestations, adverse reactions occur frequently.

The preferred material is an alloy of platinum, palladium and gold. The prosthesis from it will be:

• Expensive, but safe and durable.
• Be comfortable and give a feeling of naturalness;
• With a ceramic coating, it will completely match the appearance of natural teeth.

Titanium is a popular and most modern solution in prosthetics.

Titanium prostheses:

• Durable;
• Safe;
• Lungs.

The only drawback is the lack of full compliance with aesthetic requirements. Titanium crowns are placed on the far molars. Here they are not visible to others, but they perform their task flawlessly.

Zirconium oxide remains the traditional choice:

• Lasting;
• Stable;
• Biologically compatible and safe;
• Meeting high aesthetic requirements;
• The color matches the natural enamel of the teeth.

Thanks to laser processing, artificial teeth made of zirconium dioxide completely match the natural shape of the tooth being restored.

Are partial dentures repairable?

During use, individual parts of the prosthesis may break off. Under no circumstances should you attempt to repair it yourself; it is better to contact a specialist. If the situation can be corrected, it will only take a couple of days to fix it.

Every six months to a year, during a scheduled visit to the dentist, it is necessary to reline the plate and clasp structures, since the contour of the gums and the level of bone tissue change over time. The adjustment improves fit and load distribution, resulting in the product not chafing or breaking.

Artificial jaws: types

First of all, let's define the terminology to make the following text easier to understand.

• Basis - the base, which looks very similar to the gum, fits tightly to the oral cavity. The borders are made of modern polymer materials.
• Fastening – various locks with hooks securing the entire structure to supporting healthy organs.
• Implants are elements firmly embedded in the base, replacing individual chewing units. In production, light components are used that are as close in color to real teeth as possible.

Classification by type

Types are divided according to the substances contained in the composition. However, a distinction based on how partial dentures are placed, how they are inserted and secured, and what the dentures look like is the most correct approach.

Lamellar

The most inexpensive and accessible way to restore chewing functions. The plastic base completely covers the curves in the patient’s mouth and the contours of the gums. They are attached to supporting intact masticatory organs. Acrylic, nylon, and other modern materials that prevent allergic reactions are used in the production of these implants.

Low cost with simple fixation are the main advantages. The age group of patients for their use is not limited. However, the restoration of chewing functions does not occur completely; diction may be impaired, and the structure does not hold well in the mouth. The photo shows the installation of removable plate and one-sided dentures on hooks.

Clasp

Artificial analogues are attached to a metal frame. Since the base is made of durable material, the product will last quite a long time. Installed using various hooks, crowns and other methods.

This type of substitution is not suitable for those who have allergic reactions to the main component. High cost is also a significant disadvantage. Among the positive features are strength, strong fixation, complete restoration, natural appearance.

Immediates

They cannot be considered a permanent solution, as they are temporary measures. The installation of partially removable dentures is shown in the photo.

For a short period of time they can completely restore all aesthetic and chewing functions. But, it should be remembered that their use is only possible when one or two damaged units are restored.

Low cost along with quick installation are positive aspects. Soft components make the implant unstable to heavy loads and greatly reduce its service life. The use of immediates is common in dental practice when it is necessary to prevent the displacement of remaining teeth towards the removed ones.

The most frequently asked questions about partial dentures

Is an allergy possible? How long does it take to get used to? Do you need fixing gels when wearing? You can find out the answers to these and other most popular questions in this section of the article.

— Is it possible to have an allergic reaction?

Is it possible. As a rule, an allergy can occur to acrylic when wearing plate dentures. Or on metal if wearing a clasp design. Before installing a prosthesis, a doctor may recommend that particularly sensitive people undergo a special test for sensitivity to materials.

— How long does it take to get used to it?

Sometimes it can take up to 3-4 weeks to get used to it. This usually applies to plate dentures, since they are more noticeable in the oral cavity. Clasp designs do not require so much time.

— Do I need to use fixing gels when wearing partial structures?

Partial structures do not require additional fixation, since they already have fastenings (hooks or clasps).

— Do I need to take off my dentures at night?

It is not at all necessary to remove the structure at night. It is not even recommended to remove the prosthesis for the first 3-4 weeks after installation, since there is an adaptation period. Further, at the discretion of the patient.

— Are there any restrictions when wearing?

Avoid eating excessively hard foods such as nuts or ice. It is also not recommended to eat foods that are too viscous and stick to artificial teeth.

Choosing the best removable dentures

With complete absence of teeth

Dentists recommend conditionally removable dentures on implants, as they well restore chewing function, evenly distribute the load, preventing bone resorption and provide reliable fixation. However, the cost of such implantation is quite high.

A good option is dentures with suction cups (much cheaper than the previous ones). The selection of material is carried out by the doctor directly in consultation with the patient. Such structures can be removed at night.

We do not recommend considering nylon dentures for completely edentulous patients, because with such structures it is difficult to chew hard food, they do not have the highest suction ability and they are more expensive than plastic dentures.

With partial absence of teeth

In case of partial absence of teeth, clasp dentures are an ideal option. They never fall off, are very similar to your own teeth and evenly distribute the load.

If clasp dentures are too expensive for your pocket, we recommend choosing acrylic products. You can temporarily install a butterfly prosthesis, and then replace it with a permanent orthodontic structure.

Which ones are better to put on the upper and lower jaw?

The upper jaw is better suited for prosthetics, since there is a large palate there. All removable dentures are secured very well. You can choose any suitable option for the upper jaw.

But on the lower jaw, fixation is much worse, because the sublingual space is small. Dentists say that it will not be possible to make an element with good fastening. In addition, the movements of the tongue contribute to the constant slipping of the prosthesis. For the lower jaw, clasp dentures or dentures on implants are usually chosen.

Partial dentures - reviews from specialists and patient opinions

In general, reviews of removable dentures from patients and doctors are positive. If there are contraindications to the installation of fixed structures, removable prosthetics are the only treatment option.

However, experts are confident that if there are no restrictions on implantation, the choice should be opted for prosthetics on implants. This option is the most preferable in terms of longevity, aesthetics, safety and prevention of bone atrophy.

Preparation for prosthetics

Before proceeding with the manufacture and installation of dentures, it is necessary to carry out thorough preliminary preparation. If during the initial examination the doctor reveals diseases of the teeth, gums or other problems with the oral cavity, then you will need to undergo a mandatory course of therapeutic treatment. Also, regardless of the planned type of dentures, you should have your teeth professionally cleaned. If a patient requires microprosthetics using lumineers or veneers to improve their appearance, they will need to undergo whitening procedures in addition to cleaning. The presence of malocclusion and lack of space for implantation may require a course of orthodontic treatment.

What is the cost of a partial denture?

First of all, the price varies depending on the type of prosthesis and the number of lost teeth. Many are sure that a high-quality prosthesis cannot be very cheap. So what does its cost consist of?

The material of construction plays a big role in pricing. Modern dental clinics work with proven compounds for the manufacture of structures. This guarantees the quality, aesthetics and durability of the product.

All designs are made individually, based on the characteristics of the jaw structure, patient preferences and doctor’s recommendations.

Professionalism of staff and technical equipment. The experience of an orthopedist and dental technician, as well as high-tech equipment, is very important, so the price tag also adds up in terms of costs.

Composite

The composite is durable and has a long service life. Its only drawback is the high price. But if you need a prosthesis for life, it makes sense to resolve the issue in favor of this composition. Composite is a polymer with many additives that provide exceptional strength and make artificial teeth look like real teeth.

Prosthetics are carried out according to the following algorithm:

• A polymer composition is applied to the prepared area in layers, giving it the shape of a lost tooth;
• Each layer is dried with a special lamp.

As a result of this build-up, the tooth becomes stronger and regains its lost shape. The doctor may use a pin to strengthen the structure. The pin is installed into the remains of the tooth or directly into the root canal.

Where in Voronezh can a partial removable denture be installed?

For a quality result, it is important to choose a dental clinic and attending physician wisely. Making the wrong choice can create a lot of problems and cost you a lot of time and money to fix the mistake. Be sure to pay attention to the specialist’s experience, the availability of modern equipment and reviews of other patients.

You can install partial removable dentures in Voronezh at. We offer production using modern equipment, high-quality materials and competitive prices. Our consummate specialists are always ready to help. We are waiting for you for your first free consultation!

Prices for removable dentures in 2022

Many dentists in Kaluga offer their services for removable dentures. Prices vary greatly, but you can always find a clinic with reasonable prices and good quality.

Table 2. Prices for dentures

You can familiarize yourself in detail with the price list of the dental clinic “Albadent” in Kalugana page (CLICK ON THE LINK)

Why do patients choose us?

• Our patients say that the dentures are easy to use and quickly get used to them;
• If it breaks, we try to repair the prosthesis;
• Adaptation to a new prosthesis in a few days;
• We restore teeth in various clinical situations. View photo examples;
• Experience of specialists in the manufacture of prostheses for more than 20 years;
• Individual approach to each patient;
• Materials and equipment are certified from well-known manufacturers. Czech Republic, Switzerland, USA, Germany;
• Cozy and friendly environment in dentistry;
• We cooperate with qualified dental technicians, which is extremely important for orthopedic dentistry.