The Frenkel appliance is one of the types of orthodontic appliances created to eliminate the problems of malocclusion, uneven teeth, and developmental deformities of the jaws in children.
This device allows parents from an early age to begin correcting congenital pathological disorders of the dentition (its use is allowed for children from 3-4 years old).
Features of the device design
The basis of the removable two-jaw apparatus is:
- complex metal frame;
- side (cheek) shields;
- lip pelota;
- loops for securing incisors and canines.
The frame is made of thin elastic wire, up to 1 mm in diameter, with three arcs:
- lingual;
- palatal;
- vestibular.
The arches are connected to plates made of plastic (less often metal); if necessary, screws and springs are additionally used to speed up the movement of certain teeth.
What is
The device is a combined-action orthodontic device that combines passive and functional effects. This means that the Persin apparatus effectively affects the patient’s jaw structures and teeth both during rest and during the performance of physiological functions: when biting and chewing food, swallowing, talking, etc.
Structurally, it is a dental plate that is fixed to the hard palate. Fixing and guiding elements are attached to this base. In some cases, the product is double-jawed.
Operating principle of the Frenkel apparatus
Most orthodontic structures have a mechanical effect on the dentition.
Frenkel developed an absolutely unique technique based on a functional effect on the regulation of muscle tone, with its help you can achieve the following results:
- reducing pressure on the cheeks and lips on the jaw in problem areas;
- positive effect on the activation of functions and natural functioning of the muscular tissues of the oral cavity;
- normalization of nasal breathing;
- the device promotes the desired position of the tongue, closing of the lips and thereby ensures the harmonious development and growth of the jaws of young patients.
General overview
In dental practice, various methods are used to correct anomalies - physiotherapeutic and surgical methods, therapeutic exercises, special orthodontic structures.
The hardware method of treatment is the main one; it can be used to correct the most complex dental anomalies. However, this may require years of wearing orthodontic appliances.
Doctor, MD L. S. Persin developed two devices for correcting the position of teeth - for distal and mesial occlusion. According to the principle of operation, both of them are functional or passive.
This means that correction with their help is carried out thanks to the work of the maxillofacial muscles , i.e., during the performance of the function.
Both models are removable. When they are in the mouth, you cannot talk or eat. To achieve a corrective effect, they must be worn at least 14 hours a day.
The device for correcting distal occlusion is single-jaw, for mesial occlusion it is double-jaw.
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Indications for use of the Frenkel apparatus
The effective period for the treatment of children's dental pathologies is considered to be the time of their active growth (4 - 12 years).
An orthodontic appliance is used for the following pathologies:
- distal bite (strong development of the upper jaw);
- mesial bite (pushing forward of the lower teeth);
- open bite (the lower and upper dentitions do not meet, a gap is formed);
- neutral bite (insufficient development of alveolar processes);
- narrowing of the dentition;
- twisted teeth.
Manufacturing process
The device is made on the basis of a two-jaw cast. The latter reflects the nature of the location of all teeth, alveolar processes and folds near the tongue. The final model is fixed in such a way that it forms the correct bite.
Based on the cast, the doctor determines the location of the side shields. These elements should not fit tightly to the dentition and alveolar processes. During the modeling process, wax is poured into the area where the side panels and caps will be located. The thickness of the former does not exceed 2.5 mm, the latter – 3 mm.
A special laboratory is engaged in manufacturing the base of the device. Metal arches are adjusted in the presence of the patient. The work on creating the Frenkel apparatus will be completed by polishing and grinding the plastic structural elements.
Examination before physiotherapy
The appearance of the slightest signs of abnormal development of teeth in a child obliges parents to seek advice from an orthodontist.
After a visual examination, the doctor will suggest:
- take an x-ray or orthopantomogram of the upper and lower jaw;
- cure carious teeth and inflammatory processes in the oral cavity, if any.
Based on the images, the doctor will determine the type of pathology and prescribe treatment with the appropriate type of device design to eliminate the defect.
What to do when some kind of device is installed, and a child’s tooth falls out or begins to erupt?
You should definitely visit an orthodontist. If some teeth have erupted and are in the way, the orthodontist can file down the plastic or bend the wire. If this does not help, then you need to give it to a technician for re-milling. It is important to hand over the device quickly. It's bad when a month has passed. For example, we carried out diagnostics, ordered a device, and the child comes in a month or 2, because we went on vacation. If the device sits down, good, everyone is lucky. In 50% of cases it can be corrected, but it is better not to delay it for more than 2 weeks.
Types of Frenkel apparatus
Different pathologies require different effects on the patient’s dental apparatus. There are four types of this design:
- FR - I is used to eliminate signs of distal occlusion with protrusion of the frontal teeth of the upper jaw, and with narrowing of the dentition. They consist of palatal and lingual arches, attached with upper and lower pelota. The cheek shields are connected to the lower pads using brackets. It is located in the oral cavity so that the shields do not come into contact with the alveolar ridge.
- FR-II is used to correct excessive inclination of the upper incisors (retrusion). It differs from the first type in the type of loop capes on the fangs and the presence of double pelotes. The shields are in close contact with the dentition and the crest of the alveoli. Made from transparent material.
- FR - III eliminates progeny (excessive development of the lower jaw). The design feature is the absence of lower pelotes and the presence of a vestibular arch.
- FR - IV corrects open bite, eliminates the reasons that hinder the development of the lower jaw. There are pads for the lower lip, a vestibular arch for the upper row, and metal pads. The device also helps to separate the bite.
Duration of treatment
The timing of correction using the Frenkel orthodontic apparatus depends on the Patient’s compliance with all recommendations and regular visits to the doctor. The greatest effectiveness is observed when installed at the age of 11-14 years, that is, before the formation of a permanent position of the teeth. It takes about 4-8 months for pronounced anomalies, and the result is permanent; the functionality and aesthetics of the series are fully restored. In case of serious pathologies and a mature bite, treatment may take at least a year and a half. But the first results become noticeable after two to four months. During the entire correction period, the structure is replaced up to three times.
Price
The price of the Frenkel apparatus depends on the following factors:
- condition of the oral cavity, degree of defect;
- ongoing diagnostic and preparatory activities;
- the type of device selected for correction;
- installation features, the need for additional actions.
To make a calculation, you must contact our clinic and undergo a preliminary examination and diagnosis. Based on the data obtained, the doctor will determine the treatment tactics and name the cost of the correction.
About Us
Magenta Dental Clinic is a modern orthodontic clinic that provides treatment services and elimination of a number of dental defects. We provide our Patients with the following benefits:
- use of certified materials and equipment;
- services of highly qualified doctors;
- treatment effectiveness;
- individual approach and comfortable conditions for each Patient;
- affordable price.
To make an appointment, leave a request on the website, call by phone, send a request by email. Our doctors are ready to advise you at any time and provide qualified assistance in accordance with the highest modern requirements.
Rules and terms for using the Frenkel apparatus
In order for the treatment to be effective, the following rules and deadlines must be observed:
- The Frenkel apparatus is used at night and for a short time during the day (2-3 hours). During daytime treatment, it is forbidden to talk or eat food.
- It is imperative to carry out daily hygiene procedures for the oral cavity and orthodontic structure to avoid the development of caries.
- The duration of the treatment period is from 8 months to 1.5 years.
- Due to the intensive development of the child’s dental apparatus, the device changes 3-4 times during treatment.
Contraindications
Bite correction using the system under consideration demonstrates an effect only when treating patients in the younger age group. In adulthood, as well as at the late stage of formation of the jaw region, the device does not produce a noticeable result. Also, the use of the device may be limited due to the presence of other abnormal types of bite development, be it cross, deep or open.
Wearing the system is safe for patients. The design is made of hypoallergenic materials, has a smooth structure and does not cause an acute feeling of discomfort associated with the restoration of the natural anatomical position of the jaws.
Manufacturing stages
Before starting to make a corrector, the dentist conducts a diagnosis. Based on its results, the form and degree of the anomaly is determined, as well as the feasibility of using the device in specific conditions. The patient's medical history is analyzed separately to identify allergic reactions to this or that type of material.
To determine the constructive bite, a wax template is used, obtained by taking impressions from the jaw area. The plaster model serves to set up the hardware basis and adjust the spring, taking into account the position of the frontal units. At the end of the laboratory work, a fitting installation is carried out, and, if necessary, the system is corrected. In addition, the doctor explains to the patient how to wear and how to care for the device.
Results after therapy with the Frenkel apparatus
The use of the Frenkel apparatus in eliminating deviations in the development of the dentition gives a good effect:
- eliminates the need for a surgical solution to the problem in later stages of the disease;
- Speech defects caused by dental pathologies are corrected.
- children get rid of bad habits (holding a finger, a pencil in the mouth).
- the effectiveness of treatment has a positive effect not only on the physical condition of the child, but also improves his appearance and psychological mood.
The Frenkel apparatus is actively used by orthodontists, is popular among patients and is considered a worthy alternative to the braces system.
Price
The cost of manufacturing the Frenkel apparatus varies between 7,000–18,000 rubles .
Its price directly depends on the type of design:
- You will have to spend about 7 thousand to manufacture the first type of regulator.
- Ordering a Frenkel apparatus of the second and third types will cost 13 thousand rubles.
- Manufacturing the fourth type will cost about 18 thousand rubles.
This cost does not include the amount for treatment, including payment for services for preparing the dentition and correcting the apparatus.
The total cost of installation including manufacturing can cost from 13 thousand to 50 thousand rubles . The final price will depend not only on the type of structure, but also on the condition of the dentition and periodontal tissue.
Advantages
The Persin device has a number of advantages:
- Its production is carried out in a regular technical laboratory from available materials, so treatment using it does not require significant financial costs.
- Restoration is carried out using proven methods, so its results are easily predicted.
- The design is quite reliable, it rarely breaks or becomes deformed, but if necessary, it can be easily repaired.
- If all rules of use are followed, the system does not cause deterioration of the enamel, while hygienic care does not cause difficulties and is easily carried out by children.
