The throat is asking for help. How to treat chronic tonsillitis?

Increased body temperature, painful sensations in the throat, weakness, headache - people usually attribute these symptoms in the spring-winter period to a common cold. However, often such signs indicate the development of a dangerous infectious disease, which doctors call purulent tonsillitis. The disease is manifested by severe inflammation of the tonsils (glands), located in the nasopharynx. The infection primarily affects the parenchyma and lymphoid tissue lining the tonsils. The disease is dangerous due to severe complications that develop when symptoms are ignored and there is no proper treatment.

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Causes

Inflammation of the palatine tonsils is provoked by infections transmitted by airborne droplets. Less commonly, infection occurs through contact and household contact (through shared dishes, towels, bed linen). The most common causative agent of purulent sore throat is hemolytic streptococcus. However, if a person’s immune system works normally, bacteria of this group die immediately after entering the body. The development of pathology is facilitated by weakened immunity and provoking factors.

Indirect causes of purulent sore throat include:

• severe hypothermia;
• chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract;
• oral infections;
• alcoholism and smoking history;
• stress, overwork, strong emotional tension;
• living in areas with difficult environmental conditions;
• deficiency of vitamins and nutrients;
• mechanical damage to the tonsils (trauma, surgery).

The disease is diagnosed with equal frequency in adults and children.

Classification

Acute tonsillitis (tonsillitis) or primary inflammation can occur in catarrhal, lacunar, follicular, and less often necrotic form. Secondary acute inflammation of the palatine tonsils most often occurs against the background of existing inflammatory or infectious diseases - scarlet fever, diphtheria, typhoid fever, mononucleosis, as well as leukemia,

Chronic tonsillitis is a long-term inflammatory process in the tonsils, with rare or constant relapses of the disease. Exacerbations can be caused by viruses or bacteria, or against the background of acute respiratory viral infections, dental diseases, or a general decrease in immunity.

Incubation period

The period from the moment the pathogen enters the body until the appearance of the first characteristic symptoms can range from 2 to 6 days. During the first few days, the sick person is still unaware of his condition, becoming a source of infection for others. During the incubation period, the infection is actively transmitted by airborne droplets (through coughing, sneezing, kissing, talking). The onset of the disease is manifested by a feeling of chills, increased body temperature, weakness and headache. The sooner the patient sees a doctor, the easier the treatment is.

Treatment of tonsillitis plugs

The appearance of plugs indicates long-term inflammation occurring in the body, so the removal of purulent plugs must be combined with measures to treat chronic tonsillitis. Chronic tonsillitis should be treated by a competent otolaryngologist. Only an ENT doctor knows how to treat tonsillitis plugs effectively and safely. There is no need to try to get rid of pustules on your own at home. Many patients begin to put pressure on the tonsils, scraping off the “plaque” with a spoon and other improvised means. But this measure is ineffective - pus is removed only from the surface, but this is only the tip of the iceberg, the main problem is inside. Such inept actions often lead to injury to the tonsils, which will only provoke the appearance of new caseous formations.

Symptoms of purulent sore throat

In most patients, the first signs of purulent tonsillitis appear 2-3 days after the pathogen enters the body. When the patient's immunity is weakened, the clinical picture is most pronounced. In adult patients, the following symptoms are observed:

• the appearance of noticeable white or yellowish spots of pus on the tonsils;
• high body temperature (in the range of 39-40 ° C);
• intense pain in the throat that increases during swallowing;
• significant enlargement of the lymph nodes located under the lower jaw;
• easily removable whitish coating on the tongue;
• severe headaches;
• feeling weak and overwhelmed;
• loss of appetite;
• aching joints.

In adults, with timely treatment, the acute stage of the disease rarely lasts longer than a week. If the patient does not seek help from specialists, there is a risk of complications.

Prerequisites for the development of tonsillitis

The palatine tonsils, nasopharyngeal tonsil, lingual and tubal tonsils form a protective ring (lymphoepithelial ring of Pirogov) - a powerful barrier to the air and food entering the body. The tonsils do a great job - they recognize dangerous viruses and bacteria in the air and food and trigger an immune reaction.

When examining the tonsil on its surface, you can see depressions and openings with narrow, winding and deep passages (the so-called tonsil lacunae).

The existence of deep lacunae creates the prerequisites for the development of chronic inflammation of the tonsils. Remains of food, dead immune cells, etc. settle in the gaps, which are an excellent breeding ground for the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms.

Stages of disease development

The disease progresses rapidly. This is especially true in children and adults with a weakened immune response. Symptoms depend on the current state of the body, age, concomitant diseases and the stage of infectious tissue damage.

Signs of the development of the disease at different stages from the moment of infection:

• 2-3 days.
  This stage is characterized by the maximum severity of the symptomatic picture. The patient's tonsils increase significantly in size and white or yellowish ulcers appear on their surface. The inflammatory process covers the entire surface of the tonsils. The patient notes deterioration in health, weakness, loss of appetite and signs of fever, including an increase in body temperature to 39-40 ° C. The patient also experiences excruciating pain in the throat, which gets worse when swallowing.
• Day 4
  The ulcers that form on the tonsils begin to spontaneously open, releasing the contents (pus). In their place, lacunae are formed - characteristic depressions. If at this stage the patient follows the doctor’s recommendations, the lacunae quickly close.
• 5-6 day
  . At this stage, patients feel a noticeable improvement in their condition - body temperature normalizes, headaches go away, strength and appetite are restored.
• 7-10 day
  . The last pathological sign – sore throat – recedes. The size of the lymph nodes located under the lower jaw also decreases. The patient ceases to feel pain and discomfort in this area.

Competent and timely therapy allows you to avoid serious complications.

A sore throat

Roza Ismailovna Yagudina, Ph.D.
Sc., prof., head. Department of Organization of Drug Supply and Pharmacoeconomics and Head. laboratory of pharmacoeconomic research of the First Moscow State Medical University named after. I. M. Sechenov. Evgenia Evgenievna Arinina, Ph.D., leading researcher at the laboratory of pharmacoeconomic studies of the First Moscow State Medical University named after. I. M. Sechenov.

One of the most common complaints in the autumn-winter and, oddly enough, in the summer periods is a sore throat. The causes of painful sensations can be various pathogenetic processes occurring in the human body, and in the summer - also a violation of the environmental situation (humid, dusty air, air conditioners). The most common types of throat lesions are laryngitis, pharyngitis and tonsillitis. The last of these diseases is inflammation of the tonsils. Tonsillitis is the most common cause of sore throat; moreover, the inflammation often has a chronic course.

Causes and mechanism of tonsillitis

Sore throat, according to patients themselves, is always associated with hypothermia. However, the etiology of the development of oropharyngeal lesions is very diverse: from bacteria to viruses. The occurrence of pain in these cases is almost always associated with damage to the palatine tonsils, located on the side walls of the oropharynx - the junction of the respiratory and digestive tracts. The tonsils have many lacunae into which crypts or sacs open, having a dichotomous division and immersed in the depths of the tonsils. This structure of the tonsils contributes to the accumulation of various exudates in them. The palatine tonsils do not have afferent lymphatic vessels, since they themselves actively produce lymphocytes. Also, the palatine tonsils take an active part in the formation of local and general immunity.

NB ! A sore throat should not be confused with chronic tonsillitis (more precisely, its exacerbation, which, with similar symptoms, requires different treatment).

Sore throat is a general infectious disease with acute inflammation of the components of the lymphadenoid pharyngeal ring (usually the palatine tonsils). Sore throats are divided into: primary, secondary and specific.

• Primary - ordinary, simple, or banal sore throats. They manifest themselves as acute inflammatory diseases that have signs of damage only to the lymphadenoid ring of the pharynx.
• Secondary - symptomatic tonsillitis. Damage to the tonsils with scarlet fever, diphtheria, infectious mononucleosis, etc., as well as with blood diseases - leukemia, agranulocytosis, acute infectious diseases.
• Specific - sore throats caused by specific infections (fungal tonsillitis, Simanovsky-Plaut-Vincent tonsillitis).

Chronic tonsillitis is a chronic inflammatory, periodically exacerbating focus of infection in the palatine tonsils with a general infectious-allergic reaction.

The mechanism of infection spread is airborne, mainly occurs when coughing, sneezing, kissing, sharing dishes, towels, etc. The most common cause of chronic tonsillitis is group A β-hemolytic streptococcus, other pathogens are St. Aureus, H. influenzae, M. Catarrhalis, N. Gonorrhoeae, C. haemolyticum, M. Pneumoniae, C. pneumoniae, Toxoplasma, anaerobes, adenoviruses, cytomegaloviruses, herpes viruses, etc. Chronic tonsillitis is not always a consequence of previous tonsillitis. In most cases, it develops unnoticed, masquerading as other diseases (ARVI, stomatitis, etc.). As tonsillitis progresses, the parenchyma of the tonsils is slowly replaced by connective tissue, encapsulated foci of necrosis are formed, and regional lymph nodes are involved in inflammation. There are several forms and types of chronic tonsillitis with different symptoms.

The presence of only local signs characterizes simple tonsillitis (initial stage)

• liquid pus or caseous-purulent plugs in the lacunae of the tonsils (sometimes with an odor);
• tonsils are small, sometimes smooth or with a loose surface;
• persistent hyperemia of the edges of the palatine arches (Gise's sign);
• swelling of the edges of the upper parts of the palatine arches (Zach's sign);
• thickened, roller-shaped edges of the anterior palatine arches (Preobrazhensky sign);
• fusion and adhesions of the tonsils with the arches and triangular fold;
• enlargement of individual regional lymph nodes, sometimes painful on palpation (in the absence of other foci of infection in this region).

Also at this stage, other diseases not related to tonsillitis may worsen, which can have serious consequences.

Toxic-allergic form I (TAF I ) - is caused by repeated previous sore throats. In addition to local symptoms (the same as at the initial stage), general toxic-allergic phenomena develop:

• low-grade body temperature (occasionally);
• weakness, malaise;
• increased fatigue, decreased ability to work;
• periodic joint pain;
• enlargement and pain on palpation of regional lymph nodes (in the absence of other foci of infection);
• functional disorders of cardiac activity (can manifest themselves during exercise and at rest, but only during exacerbation);
• Abnormalities in laboratory data are variable.

Concomitant diseases in this case are the same as in the simple form, but they do not have a common infectious basis with chronic tonsillitis.

Toxic-allergic form II (TAF II ) - characterized by local symptoms inherent in the simple form and general toxic-allergic reactions:

• periodic functional disorders of cardiac activity (disturbances in heart rhythm are recorded on the ECG, pain in the heart area occurs both at the latent stage and at the acute stage);
• joint pain (both at the latent stage and at the acute stage);
• low-grade fever (may be prolonged);
• functional kidney disorders;
• deviations from laboratory data norms.

Concomitant diseases may be the same as in the simple form (not associated with infection). The course of this stage of chronic tonsillitis may be accompanied by the development of severe complications: peritonsillar abscess, tonsillogenic sepsis, etc.

Treatment of tonsillitis

How to get rid of tonsillitis? The palatine tonsils play a large role in the normal functioning of the immune system, so treatment of the disease should first of all include the restoration of the body's protective functions. Pharmacotherapy for chronic tonsillitis includes a set of measures aimed at eliminating the bacterial environment, relieving inflammation and eliminating purulent plugs from the pharyngeal mucosa. Treatment of chronic tonsillitis is carried out in accordance with the form and phase of the disease (acute tonsillitis, latent).

NB ! Conservative therapy is carried out at the initial stage of the disease and TAF I outside the period of exacerbation and not earlier than 1 month after it. Patients with TAF II are indicated for tonsillectomy!

Principles of pharmacotherapy of chronic tonsillitis:

• antibacterial drugs. To treat tonsillitis, various types of antibiotics are used: penicillins (mostly “protected”) or cephalosporins (2nd or 3rd generation), macrolides can be used, less often fluoroquinolones;
• desensitizing drugs that have an anti-edematous effect on tissues and help facilitate tolerance and improve the absorption of prescribed therapy;
• oral antiseptics: miramistin, octenisept at a dilution of 1:5, various gargles, etc. (how to gargle for tonsillitis is described below);
• homeopathic preparations that normalize and improve the trophism of the palatine tonsils;
• drugs that stimulate local immunity of the palatine tonsils.

Antibacterial therapy - what antibiotics are taken for tonsillitis

• Penicillins: preference in this group is given to amoxicillin in combination with clavulanic acid, since it is this combination that ensures the effectiveness of treatment in the event of penillinase-producing staphylococci joining the pathogenic flora. However, they are ineffective against methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus.
• Cephalosporins: cefepime (IV generation), ceftriaxone, cefoperazone, cefixime (III), cefuroxime (II). The first three drugs have only parenteral forms of release, while cefixime is produced only in oral form. Cefuroxime has both forms of release.
• Macrolides: azithromycin, clarithromycin, josamycin. The drugs are active against all pathogens, including penicillin-resistant strains.
• Aerosol forms of antibacterial drugs: fusafungine, active against hemolytic streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans.

Immunomodulators

Immunomodulators are prescribed as part of complex therapy. Among vaccine-like immunomodulators that activate both specific and nonspecific local immunity, preparations containing lysates of thirteen microorganisms are used (including lysates of hemolytic streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans). A similar mechanism of action (increased phagocytosis, increased lysozyme content, stimulation of immunoglobulin A production) is also characteristic of nasal sprays containing bacterial lysates: Streptococcus pneumoniae type I, II, III, V, VIII, XII, Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria subflava, Neisseria perflava, Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Moraxella Catarrhalis, Haemophilus Influenzae Type B, Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus, Enterococcus Faecum, Enterococcus Faecalis, Streptococcus Pyogen ES Group A, Streptococcus Dysgalae Group C, Streptococcus Group G. Natural immunostimulating agents are also used: ginseng, leftze, echinacea, chamomile, garlic, garlic, garlic propolis, pantocrine. Peptides with immunoregulatory, detoxification, hepatoprotective, antioxidant effects are also used as an immunomodulator - arginyl-alpha-aspartyl-lysyl-valyl-tyrosyl-arginine, azoximer bromide, glucosaminyl muramyl dipeptide. Recently, herbal medicines such as tonsiral and tonsilgon have become widespread.

Antiseptics

Rinse solutions

An important stage in the treatment of sore throat is the sanitation of the oropharynx using a variety of antiseptics. The best option for sanitation is systematic (up to 8-10 times a day) gargling for tonsillitis with antiseptic and anti-inflammatory solutions of furatsilin, tinctures of eucalyptus leaves (have an antimicrobial effect), calendula, propolis (have an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effect), preparations containing the NSAID agent benzydamine and so on.

Sprays and lozenges

The above-mentioned benzydamine is available not only in the form of a solution, but also in the form of a spray, which provides the so-called “spot” sanitation of the oropharynx. Other sprays used for sore throats contain hexethidine, povidone-iodine, mixtures of camphor, levomenthol, chlorobutanol and eucalyptus oils.

Another convenient local form of throat sanitation is lozenges and lozenges based on the same antiseptics (a combination of dry sage extract with essential oil, ambazone, chlorhexidine in combination with tetracaine and vitamin C). As a rule, in addition to the analgesic effect, tablets and lozenges have a bactericidal, local anesthetic and immunomodulatory effect. The basis for local drugs for resorption can also be drugs from the PNVP group: flurbiprofen, acetylaminonitropropoxybenzene, benzydamine.

Antioxidants

Antioxidants in the treatment of sore throat are used to improve metabolism, restore the functioning of enzyme systems and reduce the destructive effects of free radicals and peroxide compounds, as well as to improve immunity (rutin-containing complexes, vitamins A, E, C, microelements Zn, Mg, Si, Fe , Ca, dietary supplements, etc.).

Criteria for treatment effectiveness

Indicators that the treatment is sufficiently effective are:

• disappearance of pus and pathological contents in the tonsils;
• reduction of hyperemia and infiltration of the palatine arches and palatine tonsils;
• reduction or disappearance of regional lymph nodes.

But even in this case, it is better to carry out courses of treatment at least three times a year, especially during the off-season.

However, if a patient has a relapse even with a simple form of chronic tonsillitis or TAF I, then after the first course of treatment, pus remains in the palatine tonsils and caseous masses form, so it is necessary to discuss with the patient the possibility of tonsillectomy.

Thus, conservative treatment of chronic tonsillitis should to some extent be considered as a stage in preparing the patient for tonsillectomy for chronic tonsillitis TAF I, and in a simple form (if there is a positive result of treatment), the patient must be taught to maintain the tonsils in a satisfactory condition - that is, to carry out prevention chronic tonsillitis. Many people are interested in how to cure chronic tonsillitis once and for all. Unfortunately, there are no universal recipes for the treatment of chronic tonsillitis, since it is a focal infection that constantly reduces immunity and can at any time cause an exacerbation of the patient’s condition.

Table 1. List of drugs for the treatment of chronic tonsillitis in adults and children (group Rx)
Drugs for the treatment of chronic tonsillitis (exacerbation stage). Prescription group (Rx-drugs)*

* State register of medicines

The more appropriate form of release of the drug in this case is determined by the doctor.

Table 2. List of drugs for chronic tonsillitis at the acute stage (tablets, solutions, sprays)

* State register of medicines

Forms of the disease

The form of purulent tonsillitis depends on many associated factors and conditions. The most common three forms of development are follicular, lacunar and ulcerative-membranous (necrotic). Each type is characterized by characteristics of the course, specific lesions of the tonsil tissue and varying duration.

Follicular

Follicular tonsillitis is manifested by pinpoint purulent lesions of the parenchyma of lymphoid tissue and follicles of the tonsils. The disease in 85% of cases is caused by group A streptococci. The remaining cases of infection are associated with staphylococcal infection, Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococcus, and adenovirus. This form of pathology is accompanied by a rapid increase in the symptom complex, severe hyperthermia, sweating, loss of sleep and appetite. Intense pain in the throat can radiate to the ear.

Lacunarnaya

This type of disease causes severe inflammatory damage to the tissues of the peripharyngeal ring. The opening of abscesses is accompanied by the formation of specific perforations on the surface of the tonsils - lacunae. The acute phase of the disease is manifested by an increase in the size of the tonsils, up to difficulty breathing. Along with other symptoms, a characteristic sign of the lacunar type of pathology is bad breath. Sometimes doctors note a noticeable change in voice and diction problems. Inadequate therapy can lead to the development of a paratonsillar or retropharyngeal abscess.

Necrotic

Necrotizing ulcerative tonsillitis is rare (about 5-6% of cases). The main cause of the development of this type of disease is fusospirochetous infection. The rapid development of the infectious-inflammatory process causes the formation of histological changes in the tissues of the palatine tonsils. Violations of vascular permeability, associated with the active production of histamine and cytokines, lead to hypertrophy and sometimes tissue necrosis. The first sign of the disease is the feeling of a “lump in the throat.” Later, a sharp, unpleasant putrid odor appears from the mouth and salivation increases.

Features and causes of the disease

Tonsillitis occurs in acute (angina) and chronic forms. The peak incidence occurs in the autumn or spring. Children get sick twice as often as adults. Due to the structural features of the organs of the peripheral immune system, which include the tonsils of the peripharyngeal ring, they often do not perform a protective function, but themselves become a source of infection due to constant inflammation in them.

Tonsillitis occurs due to a weakened immune defense and in the presence of provoking factors. The development of the disease is promoted by:

• hypothermia of the body;
• bad habits: smoking and alcohol abuse;
• hypo and vitamin deficiencies;
• throat injuries;
• chronic inflammatory diseases of the nasal and throat cavities, paranasal sinuses;
• uncontrolled use of hormonal drugs;
• hereditary predisposition to throat diseases;
• hypoplasia of lymphoid tissues and other causes.

The disease can also provoke impaired nasal breathing and concomitant somatic diseases of various organs and systems that affect the overall reactivity of the body.

The causative agents of inflammation of the palatine tonsils are most often adenoviruses, coccal flora (streptococci, staphylococci), chlamydia, rhinoviruses, herpes viruses, parainfluenza.

Diagnosis and treatment

To make a diagnosis and determine treatment approaches, you need to consult an otolaryngologist. Diagnostics is carried out according to the following algorithm:

• collection of medical history and complaints;
• examination of the pharynx using special lighting (pharyngoscopy);
• general and biochemical blood test;
• bacteriological examination of a smear with the preparation of an antibiogram.

How to treat a purulent sore throat is determined by an ENT specialist. In severe cases, hospitalization is required. General medical recommendations include bed rest, drinking plenty of fluids, taking vitamins and restorative medications.

Specific treatment of the disease is a complex of procedures and medications:

• Drug treatment of the oral cavity.
  Complex therapy necessarily includes gargling with antiseptic solutions. For this purpose, solutions of furatsilin, manganese, hydrogen peroxide, sea salt, and natural herbal decoctions (chamomile, calendula) are used. This procedure is aimed at removing pathogenic microorganisms from the throat and mouth.
• Taking systemic antibacterial drugs.
  A full course of antibiotic therapy allows you to get rid of pathogenic flora. Antibiotics and their dosages can only be determined and prescribed by a doctor. The most commonly used drugs are from the groups of penicillins, macrolides and cephalosporins.
• Symptomatic therapy.
  To alleviate the patient’s condition during the acute stage, the specialist prescribes symptomatic treatment in the form of antipyretics, antihistamines and anti-inflammatory drugs. Sometimes it is recommended to undergo physiotherapeutic procedures during the recovery period.

Correctly selected treatment helps to avoid serious consequences and ensures healing of the affected tissue areas without visible defects.

Treatment of chronic tonsillitis

Chronic tonsillitis is treated using both conservative and surgical methods.

Conservative methods are:

• antibiotics that are prescribed both locally (gargling) and systemically (tablet or injection forms);
• direct washing of lacunae and introduction of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs into them;
• physiotherapeutic procedures (hallotherapy, magnetic laser treatment of lymph nodes, phonophoresis and ultraviolet irradiation of the palatine tonsils).

Surgical treatment methods:

• Tonsillectomy – removal of the tonsils along with the capsule (instrumental and bloodless technique).
• Destruction of lymphoid tissue in the tonsil (radio wave ablation, cryodestruction).
• Cryptolysis (“soldering” of palatal lacunae).

Purulent sore throat in children

If the disease develops in a child, in addition to the main symptoms, digestive disorders often appear - diarrhea, nausea, vomiting. Children may complain of abdominal pain caused by intestinal spasms. The follicular type of pathology is especially difficult for children aged 5-10 years, causing inflammation of the meninges. Young patients often experience fainting, dry cough and complaints of a feeling of a foreign object in the throat.

If parents ignore the symptoms, the pathology becomes chronic. Pediatricians call this condition chronic tonsillitis, exacerbations of which occur 2-3 times a year.

Causes, main risk factors

Up to 30 different colonies of pathogenic microbes can be sown on the surface of the tonsils of patients suffering from chronic tonsillitis. But in crypts and lacunae staphylo- or streptococcus is usually determined. A key role in the pathogenesis of chronic tonsillitis is played by beta-hemolytic strains of streptococcus (type A). Other flora - gram-negative coccal, fungal, viral - have an impact on local immunity, they support inflammation.

There are a number of factors contributing to the occurrence of the disease:

• hypothermia;
• decreased immunity;
• microtrauma of the tonsils;
• foci of inflammation in the mouth and in the head area (caries, sinusitis, adenoids, etc.);
• smoking;
• poor nutrition;
• allergy.

Viruses and bacteria that cause tonsillitis can come from the external environment.

Complications and consequences

The advanced form of the disease leads to inflammatory damage to other organs, including the heart, kidneys, and joints. The most dangerous complications include:

• mediastinitis
  – inflammation of the mediastinal tissue;
• chronic bronchitis
  - inflammatory damage to the bronchi;
• sepsis –
  spread of infection through the bloodstream;
• arthritis -
  inflammation of the joints;
• glomerulonephritis is
  a dangerous kidney disease;
• purulent meningitis -
  damage to the meninges;
• peripharyngeal abscesses
  - suppuration of the lymph nodes and tissue of the peripharyngeal space.

Timely access to a medical facility allows you to avoid negative health consequences.

Complications of tonsillitis

Tonsillitis, both acute and chronic, can cause local and general complications.

The first group includes damage to the tissues of the pharynx: paratonsillar abscess, parapharyngitis, laryngitis. Local complications also include acute otitis media and cervical lymphadenitis.

Common complications associated with damage to internal organs:

• diseases of the joints and connective tissue: rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, infectious polyarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus;
• damage to the heart and mediastinum: myocarditis with the development of dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure, mediastinitis;
• inflammation of the lungs, kidneys, appendix, sepsis and others.

To avoid the development of such complications, if there are symptoms of tonsillitis, it is necessary to carry out its full treatment.

Prevention

By paying attention to preventive measures, you can reduce the risk of developing the disease. Effective prevention includes:

• avoiding hypothermia (wearing warm clothes, monitoring microclimatic indicators in the room);
• regular preventative visits to the dentist to identify the early stages of caries and stomatitis;
• giving up bad habits (smoking, drinking alcohol);
• moderate physical activity, regular walks in the fresh air;
• normalization of diet, sleep and wakefulness;
• compliance with hygiene standards and requirements, maintaining cleanliness in the home and workplace;
• limiting contacts with unfamiliar people during periods of unfavorable epidemiological conditions.

Strengthening the immune system based on leading a healthy lifestyle helps to avoid infection and make it easier to endure purulent sore throat.

If you have a sore throat, call us and we will definitely help you!